179 / 308
Enūma eliš - Analisi - Tavoletta IV
173
Alberto ELLI
ušēṣâm : < ušēṣi-am, ventivo del preterito Š di (w)aṣû “uscire”; Š
šūṣû
“to make leave, to let go free, to
escape” (CAD I/2 373a-377a, in particolare 375a: “he sent out all the seven winds”; GLA 100c)
ibnû : < ibni-u : congiuntivo del preterito G di banû “creare”
sebettum : stato retto femminile del numerale “sette” (GLA 56b)
48
qer- biš ti- amat šu- ud- lu- ḫu te- bu- u
2
EGIR
- šu
2
qerbiš Tiāmat šudluḫu tebû (w)arkī(
EGIR
)-šu
per perturbare l’interno di Tiamat, avanzarono dietro a lui.
qerbiš : “inside”, avverbio, terminativo del locativo qerbum “interno” (GLA 50; CAD XIII 214a; cfr.
Ibidem 219ab: “they (the seven winds) followed him to roil the inside of Tiāmat”)
šudluḫu : “to stir up, disturb”, infinito Š di dalāḫu “to stir up” (CAD III 45b)
tebû : “to get up, to rise; to begin to do, to start; to set out, depart, leave; to advance” (CAD XVIII 311a-
312b; “to advance to battle”, Ibidem, 312a; con (
w)arki
“to follow”: “(the winds) followed him to stir
up the inside of Tiāmat”, Ibidem 312b); si tratta di due infiniti narrativi: “il perturbare l’interno di
Tiamat, l’avanzare dietro di lui”
(w)arki : preposizione “behind, to the rear of” (CAD I/2 278b-279b)
49
iš- ši- ma be- lum a- bu- ba
GIŠ
.
TUKUL
- šu
2
GAL
- a
iššī-ma bēlum abūba
iṣ
kakkā(
GIŠ
.
TUKUL
)-šu rabâ(
GAL
-a)
Il Signore brandì il Diluvio, la sua grande arma.
išši : < inši, preterito G di našû “to brandish a weapon, a torch, a signal; to wield a weapon, a tool” (CAD
XI/2 84ab); cfr. EnEl IV.37
abūbu : “the Deluge (as cosmic event; personified as the ultimate of wrath, aggressiveness, and
destructiveness; mythologized as a monster with definite features)” (CAD I/1 , in particolare 79b-80a
“a weapon in the form of an
abūbu
”: “the lord raised his mighty weapon, the Deluge”)
50
GIŠ
.
GIGIR
u
4
- mu la maḫ- ri ga- lit- ta ir- kab
iṣ
narkabta(
GIŠ
.
GIGIR
) ūmu lā maḫri galitta irkab
Sul terrificante carro “Tempesta irresistibile” egli montò,
narkabtu “chariot” (CAD XI/1 354a-358b; in particolare 357b(f))
ūmu : “tempesta; storm (a mythical being or demon)” (CAD XX 153b-154a)
lā maḫri : vedi EnEl I.134
galittu : femminile di galtu “angry, terrifiying” (CAD V 20b-21a: “he mounted the terrifying chariot
(drawn by) the irresistible storm-demons”)
irkab : preterito G di rakābu “to ride, to mount” (CAD XIV 83b-86b, in particolare 83b: “(Marduk)
mounted the chariot, the terrible storm without equal”)
51
iṣ- mid- sim- ma er- bet na- aṣ- ma- di i- du- uš- ša
2
i- lul
iṣmis-sim-ma erbet naṣmadi iduš-ša īlul
vi imbrigliò e vi aggiogò un tiro da quattro:
iṣmis-sim : < iṣmid-šim, preterito G di ṣamādu “to yoke, to harness” (CAD 90b-91b, in particolare 90b:
“(Marduk) harnessed to it (the chariot) a team of four”), con sibilazione
naṣmadu : “harness; team of draft animals” (CAD XI/2 48b-49a)
iduš-ša īlul : lett. “appese al suo fianco”; cfr. EnEl IV.38